Cellular & Metabolic Compounds
SS-31
10mgC₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅
Key Research Findings
- Szeto & Schiller — characterisation of the cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide.
- Published cell-culture data on inner-mitochondrial-membrane localisation.
- Animal-model assays on mitochondrial-ROS generation under controlled conditions.
Overview
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic Szeto-Schiller tetrapeptide. Supplied as a lyophilised powder for in-vitro research use only.
Mechanism of Action
Reported in published in-vitro studies as a cardiolipin-binding peptide that localises to the inner mitochondrial membrane in cell-culture assays. Not intended for human or veterinary use.
Research Effects
Cardiolipin Binding
Extensive ResearchCharacterised in cell-culture studies as a selective binder of cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Mitochondrial-ROS Assays
Extensive ResearchPublished in-vitro assays report effects on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation.
Cytochrome-c Studies
Moderate ResearchCell-culture studies report stabilisation of cardiolipin–cytochrome c association under stress conditions.
References
- [1]Chavez JD, Tang X, Campbell MD, et al.. Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020. PMID 32554501 · doi:10.1073/pnas.2002250117
- [2]Tung C, Varzideh F, Farroni E, et al.. Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci. 2025. PMID 39940712 · doi:10.3390/ijms26030944
Cited for the molecular pathways described above. Listing a study is not a claim about any outcome in humans.
Laboratory Research Only — All information on this page is provided for scientific research purposes only. This is a certified reference material sample sold and distributed for laboratory research only.
Quick Facts
Research Status Key
Featured in Bundles
SS-31 is included in the following Zenterex research peptide bundles.
Related Peptides
Cellular & Metabolic Compounds
NAD+
NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a redox coenzyme present in every living cell and one of the most studied molecules in biochemistry. It is not a peptide, and we group it under cellular and metabolic compounds for that reason. It cycles between an oxidised form, NAD+, and a reduced form, NADH, carrying electrons between the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Beyond that classical role it is consumed as a substrate by three families of enzymes, which is what has driven the recent research interest. We supply it as a powder at 500mg per vial with an independent certificate of analysis.
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Cellular & Metabolic Compounds
MOTS-C
MOTS-c is a 16 amino acid peptide encoded not in nuclear DNA but within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene, making it one of a small group of mitochondrial-derived peptides identified since 2015. Its discovery is relatively recent, so the literature is smaller than for the older research peptides in this catalogue, but it is growing quickly and comes from mainstream metabolic research groups rather than from a single laboratory. We supply it as a lyophilised powder at 10mg per vial with an independent batch certificate of analysis reporting HPLC purity and mass spectrometry identity.
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